Te Whakamārama Whānui o te Whakaora Pūtau-T CAR

Ko te CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell), arā, ko ngā pūtau-T receptor antigen chimeric, he tukanga e hangaia ai ngā pūtau-T o te tangata i roto i te ira i waho o te tinana kia whakarerekētia, kia taea ai e rātou te kite me te patu pai i ngā pūtau matepukupuku i mua i te whakaurunga anō ki roto i te tinana o te tūroro, ā, kia tutuki ai te whāinga o te rongoā i ngā pukupuku kino.
Ina hoki, ehara i te mea ko te rongoā mate pukupuku anake te mea e whakamahia ana mō te rongoā i ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate, ngā mate pūmau, ngā mate ngakau, me ngā mate e pā ana ki te koroheketanga.
Ko ngā pūtau-T, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pūtau-T lymphocytes, ngā wāhanga matua o ngā pūtau-T lymphocytes, ā, ko rātou te kawenga matua mō ngā urupare ārai mate me te parenga mate. He mahi ā rātou pēnei i te patu tika i ngā pūtau ūnga, te āwhina me te aukati i ngā pūtau-B ki te whakaputa paturopi, te urupare ki ngā antigens me ngā mitogens motuhake, me te whakaputa cytokines.
Heoi anō, kāore te pūnaha ārai mate tangata e herea noa ki ngā pūtau-T; kei roto hoki i ēnei ko ngā pūtau-B, ngā neutrophils, ngā pūtau-K, ngā pūtau-NK, me ētahi atu. He mahi tā rātou ki te tango i ngā hua para o te pākia o te tinana, ki te mōhio me te whakaputa i ngā paturopi, me te tautuhi me te patu i ngā mate urutā me ngā pūtau matepukupuku ke.
I te mea kei ngā pūtau-T te mahi ki te kite me te patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku, he aha i hiahiatia ai te tāpiri hangai i te CAR ki ngā pūtau-T hei hanga i ngā pūtau CAR-T hei patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku? Nā tēnei ka tae mai tātou ki te ariā o te karo i te ārai mate, koinei tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino taketake o te matepukupuku.
Ko te rongoā CAR-T, ko te rongoā pūtau CAR-T rānei, ko te wehewehe i ngā pūtau-T o te tūroro, te whakawhānui i a rātou ki waho o te tinana, kātahi ka whakauru i tētahi antigen pūtau pukupuku CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) i hangaia ā-hangai ki ngā pūtau-T. I muri i te tukatuka, ka tino whakanuia te mahi ārai-pukupuku o ngā lymphocytes T i mua i te whakaurunga anō ki roto i te tinana o te tūroro, ā, ka whakahokia mai te kaha o ngā pūtau-T ki te kite me te patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku. Koinei te kaupapa matua o te rongoā pūtau CAR-T.
Kua whakaaetia e te FDA te rongoā CAR-T IMPT-514 a Impact Bio.
I te 21 o Ākuhata, 2024, i panuitia e Impact Bio kua whakaaetia e te FDA tana tono IND mō te rongoā IMPT-514 i whakawhanakehia e ia. Ko te IMPT-514 he rongoā CD19/CD20 CAR-T takirua e whakamahia ana hei rongoā i te lupus erythematosus pūnaha pakari (SLE) kaha. I roto i ngā raraunga whakamātautau haumanu, i whakaatuhia te tino whai huatanga o te IMPT-514 ki te whakaputa mai i ngā tūroro he nui te pehanga ārai mate mai i ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate, ā, i whakaatuhia e ia he kaha ki te whakakore i ngā pūtau-B autologous me te kōtaha cytokine ngawari. Kei te whakaatu tonu te rongoā Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T mō te lymphoma pūtau-B nui i te urupare pumau i muri i ngā tau e rima. I te 2 o Ākuhata, 2024, i tukuna e te American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) he pūrongo raraunga mō ngā reiti oranga roa i muri i te rongoā pūtau CAR-T. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua i roto i ngā tūroro i whiwhi i te rongoā CAR-T, ko te reiti oranga kore-whakahaere mō te 5 tau he 29%, ko te reiti oranga whānui (OS) mō te 5 tau he 40%, ā, ko te reiti oranga motuhake ki te lymphoma mō te 5 tau he 53%, me ngā hokinga whakamuri onge. Ko te Axicabtagene ciloleucel he rongoā pūtau CAR-T CD19 chimeric antigen receptor autologous kua whakaaetia mō te rongoā i te lymphoma pūtau-B nui kua hoki whakamuri, kua ātete rānei. Whakamutunga: I roto i te horopaki tiaki paerewa, ko ngā putanga maimoatanga o te axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR-T he rite ki ngā hua i pūrongohia i roto i ngā whakamātautau haumanu, me ngā urupare pumau, roa i kitea i te tohu tau 5.
Ko te maimoatanga CAR-T angitu tuatahi o te ao mō ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate.

I te 4 o Oketopa, 2024, i puta te paetukutuku Nature hei upoko mō tētahi pūrongo e whakaatu ana i tētahi hua rangahau mai i tētahi tīma Hainamana. I whakamahia e ngā kaipūtaiao te hangarau whakatika ira CRISPR-Cas9 hei hanga ira i ngā pūtau CAR-T hauora i ahu mai i ngā kaituku e aro ana ki te CD19, me te whakawhanake i tētahi whakatupuranga hou o te rongoā CAR-T whānui allogeneic i āwhina i ētahi tūroro e toru me ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate kino kia tutuki ai te murunga roa.