Ngā Mōhiotanga Whānui mō te Mate Pukupuku Ate
Ko te mate pukupuku ate he mate e puta ai ngā pūtau kino (matepukupuku) i roto i ngā kiko o te ate.
Ko te ate tētahi o ngā whekau nui rawa atu o te tinana. E rua ōna pūwero, ā, kei roto i te pūwero rara te taha matau o runga o te puku. E toru o ngā mahi nui a te ate:
- Hei tātari i ngā matū kino mai i te toto kia taea ai te whakawhiti i te tinana mā roto i ngā tūtae me te mimi.
- Hei hanga i te au au hei āwhina i te nakunaku i ngā ngako mai i te kai.
- Hei penapena i te glycogen (huka), e whakamahia ana e te tinana hei pūngao.
Mā te kimi me te rongoā i te mate pukupuku ate i te wā wawe ka ārai pea i te mate pukupuku ate.
Mā te pangia e ētahi momo huaketo hepatitis ka pā te mate hepatitis, ā, ka arahi pea ki te mate pukupuku ate.
Ko te huaketo hepatitis te mea tino mate ai te ate. Ko te hepatitis he mate e puta ai te mumura (te pupuhi) o te ate. Mēnā ka roa te pakaru o te ate i te hepatitis, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate.
Ko te Hepatitis B (HBV) me te hepatitis C (HCV) ngā momo e rua o te huaketo hepatitis. Ka taea e te mate pukupuku ate te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate mēnā ka pangia e te HBV, HCV rānei.
1. Hepatitis B
Ka puta te HBV i te pā atu ki te toto, te purapura, te wai tinana rānei o te tangata kua pangia e te huaketo HBV. Ka taea te tuku i te mate mai i te whaea ki te tamaiti i te wā e whānau ana, mā te moepuku, mā te tohatoha ngira rānei e whakamahia ana hei werohanga i ngā rongoā. Ka taea e ia te whakawhanaunga i te ate (cirrhosis) ka arahi pea ki te mate pukupuku ate.
2. Hepatitis C
Ka puta te HCV i te pā atu ki te toto o te tangata kua pangia e te huaketo HCV. Ka taea te horapa o te mate mā te tiritiri i ngā ngira e whakamahia ana hei werohanga i ngā rongoā, i te iti ake rānei o te wā, mā te moepuku. I mua, i horapa anō hoki i te wā o ngā whakawhiti toto, i ngā whakawhitinga okana rānei. I ēnei rā, ka whakamātautauhia e ngā pēke toto ngā toto katoa i tukuna mō te HCV, ā, ka tino whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te pangia e te huaketo mai i ngā whakawhiti toto. Ka taea e ia te whakararu i te ate (cirrhosis) ka arahi pea ki te mate pukupuku ate.
Te Ārai i te Mate Pukupuku Ate
Mā te karo i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea me te whakanui ake i ngā āhuatanga tiaki ka āwhina pea ki te ārai i te mate pukupuku.
Mā te karo i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ka āwhina pea ki te ārai i ētahi mate pukupuku. Ko ngā āhuatanga mōrearea ko te momi hikareti, te taumaha rawa, me te kore e nui te whakakori tinana. Mā te whakanui ake i ngā āhuatanga tiaki pērā i te whakamutu momi hikareti me te whakakori tinana ka āwhina pea ki te ārai i ētahi mate pukupuku. Kōrero ki tō tākuta, ki tētahi atu tohunga hauora rānei mō te whakaiti i tō mōrearea ki te mate pukupuku.
Ko ngā mate pukupuku Hepatitis B me te C mau tonu he take morearea ka arahi pea ki te mate pukupuku ate.
Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate mēnā ka pangia koe e te mate hepatitis B mau tonu (HBV) me te mate hepatitis C mau tonu (HCV). He nui ake te mōrearea mō te hunga whai HBV me te HCV, me te hunga whai take mōrearea anō hoki i tua atu i te huaketo hepatitis. Ko ngā tāne whai mate HBV, HCV rānei mau tonu he nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e te mate pukupuku ate i ngā wāhine whai mate mau tonu kotahi.
Ko te mate HBV mau tonu te tino take o te mate pukupuku ate i Āhia me Āwherika. Ko te mate HCV mau tonu te tino take o te mate pukupuku ate i Amerika Te Raki, i Ūropi, me Hapani.
Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga mōrearea ka piki ake ai te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate e whai ake nei:
1. Te mate pūkahukahu
Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate mō te hunga whai cirrhosis, he mate e whakakapia ai te kiko ate hauora e te kiko whara. Ka āraia e te kiko whara te rere o te toto i roto i te ate, ā, ka kore e mahi pērā i tana mahi. Ko te waipiro mau tonu me ngā mate hepatitis mau tonu ngā tino take o te cirrhosis. He nui ake te mōrearea o te hunga whai cirrhosis e pā ana ki te HCV ki te whakawhanake i te mate pukupuku ate i te hunga whai cirrhosis e pā ana ki te HBV, ki te whakamahi waipiro rānei.
2. Te inu nui i te waipiro
Ka pāngia pea te ate e te waipiro nui, he mate ate tēnei, he take mōrearea mō te mate pukupuku ate. Ka pāngia hoki te ate e te mate pukupuku ate i roto i ngā tāngata inu waipiro nui kāore he mate ate. E tekau ngā wā ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate o ngā tāngata inu waipiro nui kāore he mate ate. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā tāngata inu waipiro nui kāore he mate ate.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he nui ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate i roto i te hunga whai mate HBV, HCV rānei e whakamahi nui ana i te waipiro.
3. Aflatoxin B1
Tērā pea ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate mā te kai i ngā kai kei roto te aflatoxin B1 (he paitini mai i te harore ka tupu ki runga i ngā kai, pērā i te kānga me te nati, kua rongoatia ki ngā wāhi wera, haumākū). He mea tino noa i Āwherika ki te tonga o te Sahara, Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, me Haina.
4. Te mate huka kore-waipiro (NASH)
Ko te mate ate momona kore-waipiro (NASH) he mate ka pāngia te ate e te cirrhosis, ka arahi pea ki te mate pukupuku ate. Koinei te momo tino kino o te mate ate momona kore-waipiro (NAFLD), he nui rawa te ngako i roto i te ate. I roto i ētahi tāngata, ka pāngia te ate e te mumura (pupuhi) me te whara.
Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate mēnā he mate ate e pā ana ki te NASH. Kua kitea anō hoki te mate pukupuku ate i roto i te hunga whai NASH kāore i te mate ate.
5. Te momi hikareti
Kua honoa te momi hikareti ki te nui ake o te mōrearea ki te mate pukupuku ate. Ka piki ake te mōrearea me te maha o ngā hikareti e momihia ana ia rā me te maha o ngā tau kua momihia e te tangata.
6. Ētahi atu āhuatanga
Tērā pea ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate i ētahi āhuatanga hauora me ngā āhuatanga ira onge. Kei roto i ēnei āhuatanga ko:
- Te hemochromatosis tuku iho (HH) kāore i rongoatia.
- Te ngoikore o te Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).
- Te mate rokiroki glycogen.
- Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT).
- Te mate a Wilson.
Mā ēnei āhuatanga tiaki e whai ake nei ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate:
1. Kano ārai mate Hepatitis B
Kua whakaatuhia te ārai i te mate HBV (mā te werohanga mō te HBV i te wā e whānau hou ana) ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate i roto i ngā tamariki. Kāore anō kia mōhiotia mēnā ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate i roto i ngā pakeke e te werohanga.
2. Te rongoā mō te mate hepatitis B mau tonu
Ko ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga mō te hunga e pangia ana e te mate HBV mau tonu ko te interferon me te nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy. Tērā pea ka whakaitihia e ēnei maimoatanga te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ate.
3. Te whakaiti i te pānga ki te aflatoxin B1
Mā te whakakapi i ngā kai he nui te aflatoxin B1 kei roto ki ngā kai he iti iho te taumata o te paitini ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ate.
Pūtake:http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR433423&type=1
Wā tuku: 21 o Ākuhata-2023