E ai ki ngā raraunga mō te Taumahatanga Mate Pukupuku o te Ao 2020 i tukuna e te Tari Rangahau mō te Mate Pukupuku o te Ao (IARC),mate pukupuku o te ūi hua ake ai he 2.26 miriona ngā kēhi hou puta noa i te ao, he nui ake i te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu me ōna kēhi 2.2 miriona.Me te 11.7% o ngā mate pukupuku hou, ko te mate pukupuku o te ū te tuatahi, koinei te momo mate pukupuku tino noa. Nā ēnei tatauranga kua ara ake te mōhiotanga me te āwangawanga i waenga i te tini o ngā wāhine mō ngā pona ū me ngā puranga ū.
Ngā Mea e Hiahia Ana Koe kia Mōhio Mō Ngā Pona o te Uma
Ko ngā pona o te ū e pā ana ki ngā puku, ngā puranga rānei e kitea ana i roto i te ū. Ko te nuinga o ēnei pona he pai (ehara i te matepukupuku). Ko ētahi o ngā take pai ko ngā mate ū, ngā fibroadenoma, ngā cysts māmā, te necrosis ngako, ngā huringa fibrocystic, me ngā papillomas intraductal.
Ngā Tohu Whakatūpato:
Heoi, he iti noa te ōrau o ngā pona o te ū ka kino (matepukupuku), ā, ka whakaatu pea i ēnei e whai ake nei:ngā tohu whakatūpato:
- Rahi:Ngā pona nui akee ngāwari ake ai te whakaara i ngā āwangawanga.
- Āhua:Ngā pona me ngā taha koretake, koi rāneihe nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku.
- Kakano: Mena he ponahe mārō, he koretake rānei te āhua ina pā atu, me whai atu rangahau. He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ngā wāhineneke atu i te 50 tau te pakeke, i te mea ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku i te kaumātuatanga.
Te Whakamātautau i ngā Pūngāwerewere o te Uma me te Hiranga o te Tātaritanga Moata o te Mate Pukupuku o te Uma
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ahakoa kei te piki haere te maha o ngā mate pukupuku ū, kua heke haere te maha o ngā mate mai i te mate pukupuku ū i ngā whenua o te Hauāuru i roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei.Ko te take matua mō tēnei hekenga ko te arotau i te tautuhi wawe me ngā tikanga maimoatanga, ā, ko te tirotiro mate pukupuku ū tētahi wāhanga matua.
1. Ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau
- I tēnei wā, ko ngā rangahau mō ngā rerekētanga o te aro o ngā tikanga whakamātautau rerekē i ahu mai i ngā whenua o te Hauāuru. He iti ake te aro o ngā whakamātautau ū haumanu ki ngā tikanga whakaahua. I roto i ngā tikanga whakaahua, ko te whakaahua aukume (MRI) te mea tino aro, engari he rite tonu te aro o te mammography me te ultrasound ū.
- He painga motuhake tō te mammography mō te kite i ngā kōpurapura e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku o te ū.
- Mō ngā whara i roto i te kiko matotoru o te ū, he nui ake te aro o te taputapu ultrasound o te ū i te mammography.
- Mā te tāpiri i te whakaahua ultrasound o te ū katoa ki te mammography ka nui ake te tere o te kitea o te mate pukupuku o te ū.
- He nui ake te kitea o te mate pukupuku o te ū i roto i ngā wāhine kua pāngia e te paheketanga, he nui hoki te kikī o te ū. Nō reira, he pai ake te whakamahi ngātahi i te mammography me te whakaahua ultrasound o te ū katoa.
- Mō te tohu motuhake o te rere mai o te uma, ka taea e te intraductal endoscopy te whakarato i tētahi tirohanga tika o te pūnaha awaawa o te ū kia kitea ai ngā āhuatanga rerekē i roto i ngā awaawa.
- E taunakihia ana te whakaahua aukume aukume o te ū (MRI) puta noa i te ao i tēnei wā mō te hunga e tino mōrearea ana ki te pāngia e te mate pukupuku ū puta noa i ō rātou oranga, pērā i te hunga e mau ana i ngā whakarerekētanga mate i roto i ngā ira BRCA1/2.
2. Te Whakamātautau-ā-U i te Uma
I mua, i akiakihia te tirotiro i a koe anō mō ngā ū, engari e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau houkāore e whakaiti i te mate pukupuku o te ūKāore te putanga 2005 o ngā aratohu a te American Cancer Society (ACS) e taunaki ana i ngā tirotiro whaiaro o te ū ia marama hei tikanga mō te kimi wawe i te mate pukupuku o te ū. Heoi anō, he mea nui tonu te tirotiro whaiaro o te ū ia wā, hei āwhina i te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku o te ū i ngā wāhanga o muri mai, me te kite i ngā mate pukupuku ka puta pea i waenga i ngā tirotiro noa.
3. Te Hiranga o te Tātaritanga Moata
He maha ngā painga nui o te tautuhi wawe i te mate pukupuku o te ū. Hei tauira, mā te kite i te mate pukupuku ū kore-whakaeke ka taea te karo i te hiahia mō te chemotherapy. Hei tāpiri,Mā te kitenga wawe i te mate pukupuku o te ū ka nui ake ngā whai wāhitanga mō te maimoatanga tiaki ū, e tiaki ana i te kiko o te ū. Ka nui ake hoki te tūponotanga o te karo i te pokanga tapahi i te kōpū lymph axillary, ka pāngia ai ngā mahi a ngā peka o runga.Nō reira, mā te tautuhi i te mate i te wā tika ka nui ake ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga, ā, ka whakaitihia te pānga pea ki te kounga o te oranga.
Ngā Tikanga me ngā Paearu mō te Tātaritanga Moata
1. Te Tātaritanga Moata: Ngā Whara o te Uma Moata me te Whakaū Mate
E whakaatu ana ngā hua rangahau hou ka taea e te tirotiro mate pukupuku o te ū mā te whakamahi i te mammography te whakaiti i te mōrearea ā-tau o te mate pukupuku o te ū mā te 20% ki te 40%.
2. Whakamātautau Matepukupuku
- Ko te tautuhi i te mate pathological e kiia ana ko te paerewa koura.
- He rite tonu ngā tikanga tauira mate pāwera o ia tikanga whakaahua. Nā te mea he pai te nuinga o ngā whara kāore he tohu i kitea, ko te tikanga pai rawa atu me tika, me pono, me iti hoki te whakaekenga.
- Ko te koiora ngira matua e arahina ana e te ultrasound te tikanga e pai ana i tēnei wā, e tika ana mō te neke atu i te 80% o ngā take.
3. Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o te Tātaritanga Moata o te Mate Pukupuku o te Uma
- He whakaaro pai: He mea nui kia kaua e warewarehia te hauora o te ū, engari kaua hoki e wehi. He mate pukupuku mau tonu te mate pukupuku ū, ā, he tino aro ki te maimoatanga. Mēnā he maimoatanga whai hua, ka taea e te nuinga o ngā take te ora mō te wā roa. Ko te mea nui kote whai wāhi kaha ki te tautuhi wawe i te mate pukupuku o te ū hei whakaiti i te pānga o te mate pukupuku o te ū ki te hauora.
- Ngā tikanga whakamātautau pono: I roto i ngā whare wānanga ngaio, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he huarahi whānui e whakakotahi ana i te whakaahua ultrasound me te mammography.
- Whakamātautau auau: Mai i te 35 ki te 40 tau te pakeke, e taunakitia ana kia tirotirohia te ū i ia 1 ki te 2 tau.
Wā tuku: 11 o Ākuhata 2023