Ko te mate pukupuku puku te mea tino nui rawa atu i roto i ngā pukupuku katoa o te ara nakunaku o te ao. Heoi, he mate ka taea te ārai me te rongoā. Mā te noho hauora, te tirotiro i ngā wā katoa, me te rapu wawe i te tautuhi me te maimoatanga, ka taea e tātou te whawhai pai ki tēnei mate. Tukua mātou kia whakamārama atu ki a koe ngā pātai nui e iwa hei āwhina i a koe kia mārama ake ai ki te mate pukupuku puku.
1. He rerekē te mate pukupuku puku i runga i te iwi, te rohe, me te tau?
E ai ki ngā raraunga hou mō te mate pukupuku o te ao i te tau 2020, kua pūrongohia e Haina tata ki te 4.57 miriona ngā mate pukupuku hou, ko te mate pukupuku puku te take.tata ki te 480,000 ngā kēhi, arā, 10.8%, kei roto i ngā kēhi o runga e toru.He mārama ngā rerekētanga o te mate pukupuku puku i runga i te iwi me te rohe. He rohe mōrearea nui te rohe o Āhia ki te Rawhiti mō te mate pukupuku puku, ā, e 70% o ngā take katoa o te ao ko Haina, Hapani, me Kōrea ki te Tonga. Nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ira tangata, te kai i ngā kai tunutunu me ngā kai pīkara, me te nui o te kai hikareti i te rohe e pāngia ana e tēnei. I Haina tuawhenua, he whānui te mate pukupuku puku i ngā rohe takutai he nui te tote o ngā kai, tae atu ki ngā rohe waenga me raro o te awa o Yangtze me ngā rohe rawakore.
Mō te pakeketanga, ko te toharite o te tīmatanga o te mate pukupuku puku kei waenganui i te 55 me te 60 tau te pakeke. I roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua noho pumau tonu te auau o te mate pukupuku puku i Haina, me te pikinga paku. Heoi, kua tere ake te pikinga o te auau o te putanga mai i waenga i te hunga rangatahi, e hipa ana i te toharite o te motu. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka tautuhia ēnei kēhi he mate pukupuku puku momo horapa, he uaua ki te rongoā.
2. He whara kei mua i te matepukupuku o te puku? He aha ngā tohu matua?
Ko ngā polyp o te puku, te gastritis atrophic mau tonu, me te toenga o te puku he tino take morearea mō te mate pukupuku puku.He tukanga maha ngā āhuatanga, maha ngā taumata, me ngā wāhanga te whanaketanga o te mate pukupuku puku.I ngā wāhanga tōmua o te mate pukupuku o te puku,he maha ngā wā kāore e kitea ngā tohu e ngā tūroro, he mamae iti noa iho rānei i te puku o runga,mamae puku o runga kāore i te rite, te kore hiahia kai, te pupuhi, te ruaki, ā, i ētahi wā, he tūtae pango, he ruaki toto rānei. Ina kaha ake te kitea o ngā tohu,e tohu ana i ngā wāhanga waenga ki te taumata matatau o te mate pukupuku puku, tera pea ka pāngia ngā tūroro e te whakahekenga taumaha kāore i te mārama, te anemia,hypoalbuminemia (iti te nui o te pūmua i roto i te toto), pupuhi,mamae puku tonu, te ruaki toto, metūru pango, me ētahi atu.
3. Me pēhea te kimi wawe i ngā tāngata mōrearea nui ki te mate pukupuku puku?
Hītori whānau mō ngā pukupuku: Mena he mate pukupuku pūnaha nakunaku, he mate pukupuku rānei i roto i ngā whakatipuranga e rua, e toru rānei o ngā whanaunga, he nui ake te tūponotanga kia pāngia e te mate pukupuku puku. Ko te huarahi e taunakihia ana ko te tirotiro puku ngaio i te iti rawa 10-15 tau i mua atu i te tau iti rawa o tētahi mema o te whānau e pāngia ana e te mate pukupuku. Mō te mate pukupuku puku, me whakahaere he whakamātautau gastroscopy i ia toru tau, e ai ki te tohutohu a te tākuta. Hei tauira, mena ko te tau iti rawa o tētahi mema o te whānau e pāngia ana e te mate pukupuku he 55 tau te pakeke, me whakahaere te whakamātautau gastroscopy tuatahi i te 40 tau te pakeke.
Ko te hunga kua roa nei e kai hikareti ana, e inu waipiro ana, e pai ana ki ngā kai wera, ki ngā kai tōtara, ki ngā kai tunutunu, ā, he nui hoki te kai tote, me whakarere wawe tonu i ēnei tikanga kino, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whakararu nui i te puku.
Me rapu mātātoa te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate puku, te gastritis mau tonu, me ētahi atu mate puku hei ārai i te whanaketanga o te mate, me te tirotiro i a rātou anō ki te hōhipera i ia wā.
4. Ka taea e te gastritis mau tonu me ngā mate puku te arahi ki te mate pukupuku puku?
Ko ētahi mate puku he tino mōrearea mō te mate pukupuku puku, ā, me tino aro nui ki tēnā. Heoi, kāore te mate puku e tohu ana ka pāngia te tangata e te mate pukupuku puku. He mārama te hononga o ngā mate puku ki te pikinga o te mōrearea ki te pāngia e te mate pukupuku. Me aro turuki tata te gastritis mau tonu, roa, ina koa mēnā he tohu o te atrophy, te metaplasia puku, te hyperplasia rerekē rānei. He mea nui kia mutu tonu ngā whanonga kino pēnei i tete tū te kai hikareti, te whakaiti i te inu waipiro, me te karo i ngā kai parai me ngā kai tote nuiHei tāpiritanga, he mea tika kia tirotirohia ā-tau e te tohunga puku hei aromatawai i te āhuatanga motuhake, me te whai whakaaro ki ngā taunakitanga pēnei i te gastroscopy me te rongoā.
5. He hononga kei waenganui i te Helicobacter pylori me te matepukupuku o te puku?
Ko te Helicobacter pylori he huakita e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i te puku, ā, e pā ana ki tētahi momo matepukupuku puku. Mēnā he pai te whakamātautau a te tangata mō te Helicobacter pylori, ā, he mate puku mau tonu tōna pērā i te gastritis mau tonu, i ngā mate puku rānei, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te matepukupuku. He mea nui te rapu maimoatanga hauora i te wā tika i roto i ēnei take. Haunga te tangata e pāngia ana e whiwhi maimoatanga, me tirotiro hoki ngā mema o te whānau, ā, me whakaaro ki te maimoatanga tukutahi mēnā e tika ana.
6. He huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i te gastroscopy, he iti ake te mamae?
He pono, he uaua ki te whai i tētahi gastroscopy me te kore he tikanga whakamamae mamae.Heoi, mō te kite i te mate pukupuku o te puku i te wā tōmua, ko te gastroscopy te tikanga tino whai hua i tēnei wā.Kāore pea ētahi atu tikanga tātaritanga e kite i te mate pukupuku o te puku i te wā tōmua, ā, ka nui te pānga o tēnei ki te angitu o te maimoatanga.
Ko te painga o te gastroscopy he āhei ngā tākuta ki te tiro tika i te puku mā te whakauru i tētahi ngongo angiangi, ngāwari mā roto i te esophagus me te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu iti rite ki te kāmera. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te kite mārama i te puku, ā, kāore e ngaro i a rātou ngā huringa ngawari. He tino ngawari ngā tohu tōmua o te mate pukupuku puku, he rite ki tētahi wāhi iti i tō tātou ringa ka ngaro pea i a tātou, engari tera pea he iti noa ngā huringa o te tae o te arai puku. Ahakoa ka taea e ngā matawai CT me ngā kaihoko rerekē te tautuhi i ētahi āhuatanga nui o te puku, kāore pea e taea e rātou te hopu i aua huringa ngawari. Nō reira, mō te hunga e tūtohutia ana kia whai gastroscopy, he mea nui kia kaua e mangere.
7. He aha te paerewa koura mō te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku puku?
Ko te gastroscopy me te pathological biopsy ngā paerewa koura mō te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku puku. Mā tēnei ka taea te tautuhi i te mate kounga, ā, muri iho ka whai i te whakatau i te wāhi. Ko te pokanga, te radiation therapy, te chemotherapy, me te tiaki tautoko ngā momo maimoatanga matua mō te mate pukupuku puku. Ko te pokanga te maimoatanga matua mō te mate pukupuku puku i te wā tōmua, ā, ko te maimoatanga whānui maha-mātauranga e kiia ana ko te huarahi maimoatanga tino matatau mō te mate pukupuku puku. I runga i te āhua tinana o te tūroro, te haere whakamua o te mate, me ētahi atu āhuatanga, ka mahi tahi te rōpū tohunga maha-mātauranga ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere maimoatanga whaiaro mō te tūroro, he mea tino tika mō ngā tūroro he uaua ngā āhuatanga. Mena he mārama te whakatau i te wāhi me te tautuhi i te tūroro, ka taea te whakahaere maimoatanga i runga i ngā aratohu e tika ana mō te mate pukupuku puku.
8. Me pēhea te rapu awhina hauora mō te mate pukupuku o te puku i runga i te huarahi pūtaiao?
Mā te maimoatanga koretake ka whakaoho i te tipu o ngā pūtau pukupuku, ka whakapiki ake i te uauatanga o ngā maimoatanga o muri mai. He mea nui te tautuhi me te maimoatanga tuatahi mō ngā tūroro mate pukupuku puku, nō reira he mea nui kia rapu awhina hauora mai i tētahi tari oncology motuhake. Whai muri i te tirotiro hohonu, ka arotakehia e te tākuta te āhua o te tūroro, ka hoatu he tohutohu maimoatanga, me kōrero tahi me te tūroro me ō rātou whānau i mua i te whakatau. He maha ngā tūroro e manukanuka ana, e hiahia ana kia tautuhia wawetia i tēnei rā, ā, kia pokanga āpōpō. Kāore e taea e rātou te tatari i te rārangi mō ngā whakamātautau, mō te moenga hōhipera rānei. Heoi, kia whiwhi maimoatanga wawe ai, ko te haere ki ngā hōhipera kore-motuhake me ngā hōhipera kore-tohunga mō te maimoatanga kore-tūturu ka tūpono pea he mōrearea ki te whakahaere i te mate i muri mai.
Ina kitea te mate pukupuku puku, kua roa kē te noho. Ki te kore he raruraru nui pēnei i te pokanga, te toto, te aukati rānei, kāore he take e manukanuka ai kei tere ake te whanaketanga o te pukupuku mēnā ka whakaroahia te pokanga tonu. Inaa, he mea nui te tuku wā ki ngā tākuta kia mārama pai ki te āhua o te tūroro, kia aromatawai i tōna manawanui tinana, kia tātarihia hoki ngā āhuatanga o te pukupuku, kia pai ake ai ngā hua o te maimoatanga.
9. Me pēhea tātou e titiro ai ki te kīanga "ko te hautoru o ngā tūroro e mataku ana, e mate ana"?
He nui rawa te whakanui i tēnei kōrero. Ko te mea pono, ehara te mate pukupuku i te mea whakamataku pērā i tā tātou e whakaaro nei. He tokomaha te hunga e noho tahi ana me te mate pukupuku, ā, he oranga whai hua tā rātou. Whai muri i te tātaritanga mate pukupuku, he mea nui kia whakarerekētia te hinengaro me te whai wāhi ki te kōrero pai ki ngā tūroro e tumanako ana. Mō te hunga kei roto i te wā whakaora i muri i te maimoatanga mate pukupuku puku, kāore e hiahiatia kia whakaarohia rātou e ngā mema o te whānau me ngā hoa mahi he mea ngoikore, e aukati ana i a rātou ki te mahi i tetahi mea. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakaaro ngā tūroro me te mea kāore e kitea tō rātou uara.
Te tere whakaora o te mate pukupuku puku
Ko te auau whakaora mō te matepukupuku puku i Haina he tata ki te 30%, ehara i te mea iti rawa ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu momo matepukupuku. Mō te matepukupuku puku i te wā tōmua, ko te auau whakaora i te nuinga o te wā he tata ki te 80% ki te 90%. Mō te wāhanga II, he tata ki te 70% ki te 80%. Heoi, i te wāhanga III, e kiia ana kua tino pāngia, ka heke te auau whakaora ki te 30%, ā, mō te wāhanga IV, he iti iho i te 10%.
Mō te wāhi noho, he nui ake te auau whakaora o te mate pukupuku puku tawhiti i te mate pukupuku puku tata. Ko te mate pukupuku puku tawhiti e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku e tata ana ki te pylorus, ko te mate pukupuku puku tata ia e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku e tata ana ki te cardia, ki te tinana puku rānei. He uaua ake te kite i te mate pukupuku pūtau mowhiti waitohu, ā, ka horapa haere, ka iti ake te auau whakaora.
Nō reira, he mea nui kia aro nui ki ngā huringa o te tinana, kia tirotirohia e te rata i ia wā, kia tere hoki te rapu awhina hauora mēnā ka pāngia tonutia e te mamae o te puku. Mēnā e tika ana, me mahi he gastroscopy. Ko ngā tūroro kua whiwhi i te maimoatanga endoscopic i mua, me whai wā tirotiro auau ki te tohunga puku, ā, me piri ki ngā tohutohu hauora mō ngā whakamātautau gastroscopy i ia wā.
Wā tuku: 10-Ākuhata-2023