Te Ārai i te Mate Pukupuku o te Rekereke

Ngā Mōhiotanga Whānui mō te Matepukupuku Repeure

Ko te mate pukupuku repeure kau he mate e puta ai ngā pūtau kino (matepukupuku) i roto i ngā kiko o te koroni, o te pūkahukahu rānei.
Ko te koroni he wāhanga o te pūnaha nakunaku o te tinana. Ka tangohia e te pūnaha nakunaku ngā matūkai (ngā huaora, ngā kohuke, ngā warowaihā, ngā ngako, ngā pūmua, me te wai) mai i ngā kai, ā, ka āwhina i te tuku i ngā para ki waho o te tinana. Ko te pūnaha nakunaku he mea hanga mai i te waha, te korokoro, te korokoro, te puku, me ngā whekau iti me ngā whekau nui. Ko te koroni (te whekau nui) te wāhanga tuatahi o te whekau nui, ā, e 5 putu te roa. Ko te rectum me te awaawa anana te wāhanga whakamutunga o te whekau nui, ā, e 6 ki te 8 inihi te roa. Ka mutu te awaawa ananana i te anus (te whakatuwheratanga o te whekau nui ki waho o te tinana).

Te Ārai i te Mate Pukupuku o te Rekereke

Mā te karo i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea me te whakanui ake i ngā āhuatanga tiaki ka āwhina pea ki te ārai i te mate pukupuku.
Mā te karo i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea o te mate pukupuku ka āwhina pea ki te ārai i ētahi mate pukupuku. Ko ngā āhuatanga mōrearea ko te momi hikareti, te taumaha rawa, me te kore e nui te whakakori tinana. Mā te whakanui ake i ngā āhuatanga tiaki pērā i te whakamutu momi hikareti me te whakakori tinana ka āwhina pea ki te ārai i ētahi mate pukupuku. Kōrero ki tō tākuta, ki tētahi atu tohunga hauora rānei mō te whakaiti i tō mōrearea ki te mate pukupuku.

Ko ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e whai ake nei ka whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni:

1. Tau

Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni i muri i te 50 tau. Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku koroni ka kitea i muri i te 50 tau.

2. Hītori whānau mō te mate pukupuku koroni
Ki te whai mātua, tungāne, tuahine, tamaiti rānei e pāngia ana e te mate pukupuku koroni ka rua te mōrearea o te tangata ki te mate pukupuku koroni.

3. Hītori whaiaro
Mā te whai hītori whaiaro mō ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni:

• Te mate pukupuku koroni o mua.
• Ngā adenoma mōrearea nui (ngā polyp colorectal he 1 henimita te rahi, he nui ake rānei, he āhua rerekē rānei ngā pūtau i raro i te karu tirotiro).
• Te mate pukupuku o te ovaries.
• Ngā mate puku mumura (pērā i te mate puku ulcerative, te mate Crohn rānei).

4. Mōrearea tuku iho

Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni ina tukuna iho ētahi huringa ira e pā ana ki te familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) te mate pukupuku koroni kore-polyposis hereditary rānei (HNPCC, Lynch Syndrome rānei).

5. Waipiro

Mā te inu waipiro e toru, neke atu rānei, ia rā ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku koroni. E hono ana hoki te inu waipiro ki te tūponotanga o te hanga adenomas koroni nui (ngā pukupuku pai).

6. Te momi hikareti
E hono ana te momi hikareti ki te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni me te mate mai i te mate pukupuku koroni.
E hono ana hoki te momi hikareti ki te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te hanga adenomas colorectal. Ko te hunga momi hikareti kua pokangahia hei tango i ngā adenomas colorectal, he nui ake te mōrearea kia hoki mai anō ngā adenomas.

7. Reihi
He nui ake te mōrearea o ngā Amerikana Āwherika ki te mate pukupuku koroni me te mate mai i te mate pukupuku koroni ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu iwi.

8. Te momonatanga
E hono ana te momonatanga ki te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni me te mate mai i te mate pukupuku koroni.

Ka whakaitihia e ngā āhuatanga tiaki e whai ake nei te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni:

1. Te mahi ā-tinana

E hono ana te āhua noho e uru ana ki te korikori tinana auau ki te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni.

2. Āpipirini
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mā te tango i te aspirin ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal me te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal. Ka tīmata te hekenga o te mōrearea 10 ki te 20 tau i muri i te tīmatanga o te tango a ngā tūroro i te aspirin.
Ko ngā kino pea o te whakamahinga o te aspirin (100 mg, iti iho rānei) i ia rā, i ia rā tuarua rānei, ko te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te whiu me te toto i roto i te puku me ngā whekau. Tērā pea ka nui ake ēnei mōrearea i waenga i te hunga kaumātua, ngā tāne, me te hunga he mate e hono ana ki te mōrearea toto teitei ake i te tikanga.

3. Te whakakotahitanga o te rongoā whakakapinga homoni
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mā te whakamahi i te rongoā whakakapinga homoni (HRT) e whakauru ana i te estrogen me te progestin ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal whakaeke i roto i ngā wāhine kua mutu te pākia.
Heoi, mō ngā wāhine e tango ana i te HRT whakakotahi, ā, ka pāngia e te mate pukupuku koroni, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka horapa haere te mate pukupuku ina tautuhia, ā, kāore te mōrearea o te mate i te mate pukupuku koroni e whakaitihia.
Ko ngā kino pea o te HRT whakakotahi ko te nui ake o te mōrearea o te whai:

• Te mate pukupuku o te ū.
• Mate ngakau.
• Ngā toto totoka.

4. Te tango i te polyp
Ko te nuinga o ngā polyp colorectal he adenoma, ka taea te whanake hei mate pukupuku. Mā te tango i ngā polyp colorectal he nui ake i te 1 henimita (he rite te rahi ki te pī) ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal. Kāore i te mōhiotia mēnā ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal mā te tango i ngā polyp iti ake.
Ko ngā kino pea o te tango i ngā polyp i te wā o te colonoscopy, o te sigmoidoscopy rānei ko te pakaru o te pakitara o te koroni me te toto.

Kāore i te mārama mēnā ka pāngia te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni e ēnei mea:

1. Ngā rongoā anti-inflammatory kore-steroidal (NSAID) ehara i te aspirin
Kāore i te mōhiotia mēnā ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni mā te whakamahi i ngā rongoā anti-inflammatory kore-steroidal, ngā NSAID rānei (pēnei i te sulindac, celecoxib, naproxen, me te ibuprofen).
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mā te tango i te rongoā anti-inflammatory kore-steroidal celecoxib ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hokinga mai o ngā adenomas colorectal (ngā pukupuku pai) i muri i te tangohanga. Kāore i te mārama mēnā ka iti ake te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku colorectal.
Kua whakaatuhia te whakaiti i te maha me te rahi o ngā polyp e puta ana i roto i te koroni me te rectum o te hunga e pāngia ana e te familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) mā te tango i te sulindac, te celecoxib rānei. Kāore i te mārama mēnā ka iti ake te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal.
Ko ngā kino pea o ngā NSAID ko:

• Ngā raruraru whatukuhu.
• Te toto i roto i te puku, i ngā whekau, i te roro rānei.
• Ngā raruraru o te ngākau pērā i te mate ngākau me te ngoikore o te ngākau.

2. Konupūmā
Kāore i te mōhiotia mēnā ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni mā te tango i ngā tāpiringa konupūmā.

3. Kai
Kāore i te mōhiotia mēnā ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni mā te kai iti te ngako me te mīti, engari he nui hoki te muka, ngā hua me ngā huawhenua.
Kua whakaatuhia e ētahi rangahau he nui te ngako, te pūmua, te kaora, me te mīti ka whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni, engari kāore ētahi atu rangahau i whakaatu.

Kāore ēnei āhuatanga e pā ki te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku koroni:

1. Whakaora whakakapinga homoni me te estrogen anake
Kāore te rongoā whakakapinga homoni me te estrogen anake e whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal whakaeke, te mōrearea rānei o te mate i te mate pukupuku colorectal.

2. Ngā Statins
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau kāore te tango i ngā statin (ngā rongoā e whakaiti ana i te cholesterol) e whakanui ake, e whakaiti rānei i te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku colorectal.

Ka whakamahia ngā whakamātautau haumanu mō te ārai i te mate pukupuku hei ako i ngā huarahi hei ārai i te mate pukupuku.
Ka whakamahia ngā whakamātautau haumanu ārai matepukupuku hei ako i ngā huarahi hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakawhanake i ētahi momo matepukupuku. Ko ētahi whakamātautau ārai matepukupuku ka whakahaerehia ki ngā tāngata hauora kāore anō kia pāngia e te matepukupuku engari he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pāngia e te matepukupuku. Ko ētahi atu whakamātautau ārai ka whakahaerehia ki ngā tāngata kua pāngia e te matepukupuku, ā, e ngana ana ki te ārai i tētahi atu matepukupuku o taua momo, ki te whakaiti rānei i te tūponotanga ki te whakawhanake i tētahi momo matepukupuku hou. Ko ētahi atu whakamātautau ka mahia ki ngā tūao hauora kāore i te mōhiotia he take tūponotanga mō te matepukupuku.
Ko te kaupapa o ētahi whakamātautau haumanu ārai mate pukupuku he kimi mēnā ka taea e ngā mahi a te tangata te ārai i te mate pukupuku. Kei roto pea i ēnei ko te whakakori tinana nui ake, te whakamutu rānei i te momi hikareti, te tango rānei i ētahi rongoā, huaora, kohuke, tāpiringa kai rānei.
Kei te rangahauhia ngā huarahi hou hei ārai i te mate pukupuku koroni i roto i ngā whakamātautau haumanu.

Puna: http://www.chinancpcn.org.cn/cancerMedicineClassic/guideDetail?sId=CDR258007&type=1